Work in physics is defined as the product of force applied to an object and the distance over which that force is applied.

The formula for calculating work is W = F × d, where W is work, F is force, and d is distance.

The unit of work in the International System of Units (SI) is Joule (J). Other units include kilojoule (kJ), calorie (cal), kilocalorie (kcal), and foot-pound (ft·lb).

If the force is not constant, you need to integrate the force over the distance traveled. This can be represented as:

W = ∫ F(x) dx

If there is no displacement( d = 0 ), then no work is done regardless of how much force is applied.

Yes, negative work can be done if the force applied opposes the direction of motion. For example, when brakes are applied to slow down a car.

Friction can reduce the efficiency of work by converting some of the energy into heat rather than useful work.

Work and energy are related but distinct concepts. Work is a transfer of energy from one object to another through a force applied over a distance.

Positive work: Pushing a box forward; Negative work: Pulling on a rope attached to a moving object in the opposite direction of its motion.

Gravity can do positive or negative work depending on whether it aids or opposes motion. For example, lifting an object against gravity does positive work while dropping it allows gravity to do positive work.

The direction of both force and displacement is crucial. Work is positive if the force and displacement are in the same direction, and negative if they are in opposite directions.

If the force and displacement are not parallel, only the component of force parallel to the displacement contributes to work. This can be calculated using W = F × cos(θ) × d, where θ is the angle between force and displacement.

Yes, when you compress or stretch a spring, you do work against its elastic force. The work done can be calculated using Hooke's Law: W = (1/2) k x², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from equilibrium.

Work done on an object can change its kinetic energy or potential energy. According to the work-energy theorem, the net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy.

To calculate work done by multiple forces, you need to calculate the net force acting on an object and then use this net force in the work formula. Alternatively, you can sum up individual works done by each force if they act over different distances or directions.